Computer Crime And Inadequacy Of Computer Laws - 1769 Words

Computer Crime and Inadequacy of Computer Laws Introduction On 9 February 2015, Moscow-based security firm, Kaspersky Lab, released a report indicating that a group of international hackers stole an amount summing up to 1 billion from 100 banks. These attacks were carried out in 30 different nations by installing malware, which enabled them to gain control of the banks’ internal operations. Although such hacks have been attempted before, the scale and sophistication of the attacks, which spanned several countries over several years, had experts concerned that this represents a new trend (Kaja 4). Over the past decades, the world has experienced a vast increase in the availability of electronic resources. However, with these advancements, computer crime has become the new form of criminal activity that takes advantage of electronic resource (Michael Patrick 4). Consequently, these new forms of crime are burgeoning and pose a new challenge to law enforcement agencies at all levels. The question is how do they prevent, investigate, and prosecute these crimes. Law enforcement agencies from the local to the federal level are beginning to institute specific units devoted to handling computer-related offenses. Currently, there does not exist a uniform method to define and address computer crime and computer fraud. Undoubtedly, this has significantly hampered the fight against this vice. In addition, the fact that the public in general, as well as the law enforcers, are not wellShow MoreRelatedThe Patriot Act Title Vii Section 814 And 8161429 Words   |  6 Pagespaper is describe in depth The Patriot Act Title VII Section 814 and 816. These sections of the Patriot Act protects the citizens of The United States from the world’s newest form of terror; Cyber-Terrorism. The aim is to explain this law, its adequacies, and inadequacies in detail and to offer suggestions and solutions for its shortcomings. Commission of Cyber Terrorism In 2013, a man, investigators named the â€Å"Sexual Cyber Terrorist† extorted over 350 women by hacking into their email accounts andRead MoreCrime Theories739 Words   |  3 Pagesmeans that provide them with opportunities to increase their wealth. Strain theory as it relates to digital crime involves the feeling of people in the lower and middle social classes that they do not have equal opportunities or access to those same educational and occupational opportunities. Instead of pursuing legal means to increase their wealth, some of the people who commit white collar crimes are those from the lower and middle classes who are stressed and strained due to finances and their jobsRead MoreElectronic Communications Privacy Act ( Ecpa )1486 Words   |  6 Pagespretty progressive law at the time it was enacted. It enhanced the privacy protection that was originally delineated in the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 by also adding communication protection for p agers, email, cell phones, service providers, and computer transmissions. The ECPA addressed the legal privacy issues that were surfacing with the rising use of networks, computers and other new innovations in electronic communications. The first large computers had been built as earlyRead MoreThe Culture Of Media Violence Negatively Affecting Our Youth?1371 Words   |  6 PagesIs The Culture of Media Violence Negatively Affecting Our Youth? Several studies have touched on the possible relationship(s) between adolescent violence and computers and video games. 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Cyber criminals take advantages of vulnerabilities byRead MoreThe Crime Of White Collar Crimes1677 Words   |  7 PagesAn Individual that is in prison is a criminal no matter what type of crime he or she may have committed. There are no boundaries regarding, race, sex nor a social status in crimes. All crimes are the same no matter what type of crime it may be. Most women that are incarcerated are either from middle or lower class families of society. However, no matter what type of crime has been committed, it is the decision of that individual to obtain an education or the ability to learn while incarcerated. FurthermoreRead More Privacy in the Workplace Essay2057 Words   |  9 Pagesdefamatory messages to be read by others. This conception of privacy can also be extended to a claim against pervasive intrusion by employers into employees work activities. 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Informative Speech Reading Body Language Essay - 791 Words

Informative Speech Reading Body Language Introduction I. Fun fact, research shows that whatever we’re feeling shows up in our body first and only nanoseconds later it will enter our conscious mind. II. Today I am going to share with you some basics on reading body language. III. I am a business professional, and I do a good amount of negotiating. Since negotiating is very emotional, being able to read body language is a crucial skill to acquire. This is why I constantly practice and educate myself in this area. IV. I am going to go over: A. Body Movements B. Significance of Distance C. Detecting a lie (Transition: In the book Messages, there are two ways that we communicate non-verbally.) Body I. Body Movements A. â€Å"Facial Expression 1. The face is the most expressive part of our body.† (Messages, 62) 2. It can show: Happiness, sadness, frustration, confusion, disbelief, nervousness, and if we’re fabricating a story or recalling a memory B. Gestures 1. â€Å"This involves our arms, hands, legs and feet.† (Messages, 63) 2. These parts can express emotion as well such as: defensiveness, comfort, interest, dominance, honesty, submission and much more. C. â€Å"Posture 1. This is how you hold yourself.† (Messages, 64) 2. This can tell a lot about your personality and how you feel: Relaxed, bored, interested, confidence and more. (Transition: The second way is†¦.) II. â€Å"Distance, the distance we put between ourselves and the other person we’re communicating with is calledShow MoreRelatedSpeech Communication Learning Objectives1578 Words   |  7 Pageslittle patience for speakers who ramble aimlessly from one idea to another. A well-organized speech will enhance the credibility and make it easier for the audience to understand the message. 2. The tips discussed for preparing main points are: • Keep main points separate. • Try to use the same wording for main points. • Balance the amount of time devoted to main points. 3. The four major types of speech connectives are transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts. UsingRead MoreEssay about Everyone Deserves a Second Chance980 Words   |  4 Pagesto deliver an Informative speech, which is a major portion of our grade. My speech received a fairly good grade; however, there are some aspects of my speech that can be improved. These aspects of my speech that is in dire need of improvement will not be enhanced overnight; this will require a tedious process. I have indicated two weaknesses and a strength in my Informative speech. The weaknesses and strength I desire to alter in my Revision speech are as followed: my body language, my command ofRead MoreReflection On The Body Language853 Words   |  4 Pageshonestly say that I have a huge interest in body language, especially when it relates to communication. Throughout our day to day activities, communication is used and because of that I found it interesting to watch the required documentary on body language. I had high expectations for the video before watching. The documentary helped shed light on why it is important to recognize the nonverbal gestures, signs of distress, authenticity of one’s speech, levels of pitch, and rhythm in the voice- whichRead MorePublic Speaking Midterm1449 Words   |  6 PagesPublic Speaking Midterm Study Guide This exam covers all material covered in readings and class lectures/activities. The chapters from the Lucas text covered on this exam are: 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14. Remember items may be included on the exam even if they were not specifically identified on this study guide. The exam is worth 100 points and will consist of both multiple choice, true/false, and short answer questions. The aim is to test your comprehension of the material covered inRead MoreDifferent Reasons Why People Communicate Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pagesand informative. This reduces the possibility of mistakes being made, and ensuring appropriate care service delivery. It is important to work as a team with your colleagues, so that you all work to achieve the same outcomes and targets. 1.3 Explain why it is important to observe an individual’s reactions when communicating with them It’s extremely important to observe people’s reactions when you’re communicating with them. Why? Well, a significant percentage of communication is actually body languageRead MoreUse Of Persuasive Speech On The Public Speaking Course Essay1290 Words   |  6 Pagesvariety of methods and strategies that have strengthen the effectiveness for my last speech or any speech, that my occur in the near distant future. 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When constructing the persuasive speech it was important to use the rhetoricl methods such as the a few of the 5 canons ofRead MoreEssay about Speech Quiz answers2346 Words   |  10 Pagesnods, eye contact, and clapping from audience members are all forms of feedback. 4.An ethical speaker considers the moral impact their ideas and arguments have on their listeners. 5.â€Å"Care and concern for others, the thoughtful use of words and language, and the flexibility to see the many sides of an issue† is civility. 6.Public speaking is more likely to be planned. 7.Which of the following best characterizes intrapersonal communication? - Communication that goes on in our heads. 8.The meansRead MoreSpeech Analysis : Speech From Public Speaking Course Essay1343 Words   |  6 PagesFinal Speech: Speech Analysis Throughout the public speaking course, I ve learned a variety of methods and strategies that have strengthened the effectiveness of my last speech or any speech, that may occur in the near distant future. It was important to understand the elements that were effective and ineffective to avoid making the same mistakes and to have a clear understanding where I may have fallen short in the past and could improve in the future of public speaking. When constructing theRead MoreInformative Speech Outline2182 Words   |  9 Pagespart in discussion; voicing opinions, asking/answering questions; and offering help to your peers. Do not be shy: speak up. Being on time; having your homework prepared; and handing in assignments on time, are all part of classroom participation. Reading assignment: You should read all assignments prior to class. Written assignment: Written assignments should be word-processed, and the following format should be used: Times New Roman with font size 12 and double spaced. Your assignments mustRead MoreDifferent Theories Of Communication, Leadership, And Interpersonal Relations Within The Context Of A Toastmasters Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers would take notes about each one separately. Time reports were performed and then members voted on which of the three was the most effective speech performance. The third part of this event was the evaluation of each speaker for the night. This was considered the â€Å"educational† part of the meeting as it involved analyzing which part of each speech went well, and which parts could be improved and how. Three members were chosen to speak their thoughts about the speeches and the speakers. For example

The Prevalence Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Diabetess Mellitus is considered to be a major public wellness job worldwide. Its planetary prevalence has been estimated by World Health Organization WHO to be more than 135 million. The projection for the twelvemonth 2025 estimates a 120 % addition in figure of instances throughout the universe ( Al-Lawati A ; Mohammed 2000 ) and besides estimates a 150 % addition in the East Mediterranean Region ( EMR ) ( Al-Lawati et Al. We will write a custom essay sample on The Prevalence Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2002 ) . In EMR, the diabetes prevalence rate for grownups is 7.7 % but this figure rises to between 12 % and 20 % for older age groups in urban communities and in Gulf States ( EMRO 2005 ) . The prevalence is higher in developed states than developing states. However, more addition will be in the underdeveloped universe in the coming 30 old ages ( King et al. 1998 ) . This is clearly coercing the developing states to take active stairss towards commanding diabetes. Diabetess is a chief cause of morbidity and mortality globally. It was estimated that the extra planetary mortality attributable to diabetes in the twelvemonth 2000 to be 2.9 million decease. The diabetes is likely to be the 5th taking cause of decease ( Roglic et al. 2005 ) . This is true for Sultanate of Oman and the magnitude of the job is continuously increasing. I will research diabetes in Oman in a elaborate manner. I will be analysing the load of diabetes and the factors maintaining its prevalence high. I will besides foreground the steps that have been adopted to get the better of this job. At the terminal I will discourse the restraints and place the countries necessitating more attending in order to beef up the control of diabetes in Oman. The state: Sultanate of Oman occupies the southeasterly corner of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bounded by the Gulf of Oman, Arabian Sea, Yemen, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Its entire country is 309,500 square kilometers. The capital is Muscat. Oman comprises a costal field of 1700 kilometer length and an interior part of hills and desert. The population is 2.5 million harmonizing to 2003 nose count ( MONE 2005 ) . The population is preponderantly Arab, with Pakistani, Indian, and Zanzibari minorities. Around 51 % of the Omani population is under 15 old ages old. Omanis remain a big bulk ( 74 % ) in their state unlike some of the Gulf States, which are dominated by foreign workers ( Hejleh 2005 ) . Oman is administratively divided into 5 parts and 3 governorates with 59 Wilayates ( territory ) ( MOH 2003 ) . Ministry of Health is responsible for presenting wellness service in Oman. The wellness attention is provided free of cost for the Omani population all Omani but fee is applie d for non-Omani population ( MONE 2004 ) . Burden of the disease: It is indispensable to discourse the prevalence of diabetes and the its complications in order to hold a general thought about the magnitude of the job in Oman Prevalence of diabetes: Diabetess prevalence is quickly increasing in Oman over last few old ages. The first national diabetes study, which was conducted in 1991, showed that the prevalence of diabetes in topics 20 old ages old and above is 8.3 % ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . It besides showed the impaired glucose tolerance trial prevalence was 10 % and impaired fasting glucose prevalence was 5.7 % ( DGP 2003 ) . Both figures were alarmingly high figures that necessities immediate control enterprises ( Asfour et al. 1995 ) . 10 old ages subsequently, the 2nd national study showed that the prevalence of diabetes was 11.6 % and that of impaired fasting glucose was 6.1 % ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . This is clearly demoing that the load of the disease has about increased by one tierce over a decennary. The prevalence of diabetes was higher among work forces. In 2000, it was 11.8 % and 11.3 % in work forces and adult females severally ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . The diabetic instances diagnosed in Oman are chiefly of type II. This type constitutes about 95 % and type I constitutes merely 5 % ( DGP 2004 ) . The prevalence is summarised in table one. Year Type of sample Diabetess prevalence IFG prevalence 1991 Fasting blood sample 8.3 % 5.7 % 2000 Fasting blood sample 11.6 % 6.1 % Table 1: Prevalence of Diabetes and IFG in Oman in topics 20 old ages old and above harmonizing to national wellness studies in 1991 A ; 2000. Prevalence of diabetic complications: The load of the disease can besides be measured by the prevalence of its complications. Many of diabetic complications do be in Oman in higher rates. Some of these are: Diabetic oculus diseases: The diabetic retinopathy prevalence in Oman is 14.39 % and it is the commonest cause of sightlessness in people age 30-69years ( Khandekar et al. 2003 ) . It was besides shown the rate of glaucoma among diabetic patient was 8.87 % ( Khandekar A ; Zutshi 2004 ) . In both complications, the diabetic patients are at higher hazard. It could be easy drawn from these two surveies that a particular attention must be given to diabetic patients to cut down the ocular disablements. Diabetic pes diseases: It has been found that the diabetes is responsible for 51.8 % of all amputations reported in Oman ( DGP 2004 ) . Foot complications are one of the most serious and dearly-won complications of diabetes. It is an pressing issue that need more attending. Cardiovascular diseases: It was shown in 2004 that most of diabetic Omani patients died as a consequence of cardiovascular complications ( MOH 2005 ) . This is due to the fact that hazard factors for the development of macro-vascular diseases are often found in diabetic patients ( DGHA 2003 ) . Nephritic failures: It was shown that 33 % of nephritic failure instances diagnosed in Oman are due to diabetes ( MOH 2005 ) . Factors behind diabetes in Oman: Such high prevalence of diabetes is perfectly maintained by many implicit in factors. The chief factors are summarized in table two. No. Factor 1 Dietary form 2 Physical inaction 3 Corpulent or fleshy 4 Other behavioral hazard factors ( e.g. smoke ) 5 Akin matrimony 6 Familial susceptibleness Table 2: Underlying factors behind diabetes Oman has rapid socioeconomic developments that are associated with urbanization consequence. This consequence is really clear particularly in Muscat and secondly in Batinah part. This is due to the fact that more than 56 % of the population life in those two parts which represent merely 15 % of the entire country ( MONE 2005 ) . The urbanization consequence is manifested in rapid life manners alterations such as alterations in dietetic form ( High fat/ high salt/ Calorie dense diet ) and decreased physical activity ( DGHA 2003 ) . There was a pronounced displacement from simple traditional life styles to more westernized life manners. The physical inaction is high and its prevalence is 22.5 and 3.1 in males and females severally ( DGP 2004 ) . The rapid addition in auto ownership has led to further lessening in physical activity. Fleshiness and corpulence are closely associated with diabetes. It has been shown in 2001, 47.4 % of diabetic patients either corpulent or fleshy ( Al-Lawat i et al. 2002 ) . In 2000, the age adjusted prevalence of fleshiness reached 16.7 % in work forces, compared to 10.5 % in 1991. In adult females the prevalence was 23.8 % in 2000 compared to 25.1 % in 1991.Both corpulence and fleshiness has markedly increased among Omani work forces during the past decennary, while a worsening tendency was seen among Omani adult females. The worsening tendency among females could be explained by increasing educational degree, worsening birthrate rates and improved consciousness of self image ( Al-Lawati A ; Jousilahti 2004 ) . However, the prevalence is still high for both sexes and need more attending through establishing effectual nutritionary plans and promotional life manner alteration plans ( Al-Riyami A ; Afifi 2003 ) . In add-on, smoke is closely associated with many non-communicable diseases and it is common in Oman. Recent studies for the prevalence of behavioral hazard factors among big Omanis have revealed a high prevalence of smoke ( 2 3 % male smoke and 1.5 % among females ) ( Al-Lawati A ; Hill 2001 ) . Another factor underlying the higher prevalence is akin matrimony between Omani. Arranged matrimonies are normally seen between first or 2nd degree relations. This will increase the familial heritage of diabetes ( Al-Haddad Y 2003 ) . A familial susceptibleness may besides explicate why diabetes has become an â€Å" epidemic † . In comparing to Caucasian and European populations with similar grades of fleshiness and glucose tolerance, Arabs are more insulin-resistant than Europeans. This feature, which is a strong forecaster of diabetes, seems to be genetically determined in these populations ( Al-Mahroos 2003 ) . Equally long as the above mentioned factors exist, the diabetic prevalence will be high. So it sounds logic controlling of these factors will cut down diabetic prevalence. Diabetess is a existent wellness challenge in Oman: From the above, it is clear that the diabetic load has increased significantly and at the same clip its underlying or lending factors do be strongly. This puts Oman ‘s wellness attention system at cross roads as it is witnessing an epidemiological passage from catching diseases to non-communicable diseases ( DGP 2003 ) . This should be accompanied by a passage displacement in the system from commanding infective and childhood unwellness to face challenges of the twenty-first century in battling chronic unwellness such as diabetes, high blood pressure and fleshiness. One of the challenges is incorporating and bettering the quality of wellness attention provided to diabetic people. Presently, a significant proportion of the Ministry of Health budget is spent on direction of diabetes and its complications ( DGHA 2003 ) . The passage from catching disease to non-communicable diseases is manifested clearly in morbidity and mortality indexs. It is shown in figure one there is a raisi ng tendency in the per centum of non-communicable diseases part to the entire out patient section ( OPD ) visits. It increased from 42.5 % in 1996 to make 53.2 % in 2004. On the other manus, there is a worsening tendency for catching diseases part ( DGP 2004 ) . Figure 1: Catching and non-communicable diseases part to the OPD morbidity in 1996 A ; 2004. Inpatient morbidity of non-communicable diseases had besides increased in comparing with catching diseases over the last nine old ages as shown in figure two. They contributed approximately 36.1 % and 39.6 % of entire discharge instances in 1996 and 2004 severally. Figure 2: Catching and non-communicable diseases part to the inpatient morbidity in 1996 A ; 2004. Out of these non catching diseases, diabetes is considered to be the 2nd prima cause of inpatient morbidity in male and female in the age group 45 old ages and supra after ischaemic bosom disease ( MOH 2005 ) . The load is good demonstrated by the fact that diabetes mellitus is entirely responsible for about 9 % of all grownup infirmary admittances and 12 % of the grownup infirmary bed tenancy rate ( Asfour et al. 1991 ) . Inpatient morbidity for diabetes has raised steadily from 1528 instances in 1986 to 3695 instances in the twelvemonth 2000 as shown in figure three ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . Figure 3: Number of diabetic instances registered in 1986 A ; 2000. Distribution of new diabetic patients harmonizing to the age groups is shown in figure four. It is shown in that about tierce of the diabetic instances are diagnosed at the 40-49 old ages group and a high proportion even after the age of 50 old ages ( MOH 2005 ) . This indicates somehow that there is hold in the diagnosing. This could be due either unavailable services or patients non be given to seek intervention early. Figure 4: Distribution of new diabetic patients harmonizing to the age groups. Diabetess care in Oman: Ministry of Health has ensured the wellness attention to be readily accessible to all. It is free of charge and delivered through more than 156 wellness establishments ( MOH 2003 ) .Diabetic attention is ensured and provided through National Diabetes Prevention and Control plan. The 6th five twelvemonth program ( 2001-2005 ) has identified diabetes as a major precedence ( DGP 2003 ) . National Diabetes Prevention and Control Program and its accomplishments: This plan was initiated in 1991 and is managed by the section of non-communicable disease surveillance and control represented by diabetes bar and control subdivision. The caput of this subdivision is the national plan director. The plan is responsible for developing constabularies and implementing schemes for diabetes control ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . It aims to supply diabetic attention in all wellness degrees: primary, secondary and third in close coaction with each other to guarantee an effectual referral system. Its aims are ( DGHA 2003 ) : Prevent the disease susceptible persons and communities. Early sensing of persons at high hazard. Keeping a better quality of life for diabetic patient and cut down the long term complications and therefore cut down its morbidity and mortality. Provide suited and quality wellness instruction to diabetic patient ‘s relations and the community. The aims are crisp and comprehensive. They are directed foremost towards the bar of the disease and secondly to early sensing through testing plans. In instance these failed to be fulfilled, an of import aim is to keep a better life quality to the patient. Many accomplishments took topographic point over the last 14 old ages Such as ( EMRO 2005 ) : The diabetic control plan was integrated in primary wellness attention in 1995 ( MOH 2003 ) . So that all basic services required for diabetic patients are available at the primary wellness attention establishments through the constitution of mini diabetic clinic. This has optimized the direction of diabetes at the primary wellness attention degree ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . A good advancement in rating of national diabetes registry in which all diabetic patients are registered. Registers are maintained on a regular basis in which all patient inside informations are mentioned. This registry was initiated foremost in 2000 ( DGHA 2003 ) . It is a good mechanism for follow up within the catchment country of wellness establishment. Annual preparation workshops for the staff ( Doctors/ nurses ) . This is of great value in updating the cognition and experiences of the old staff and introduces the new staff to the plan. These workshops could besides be used to work out challenges confronting the regional plan. They are conducted at territory and provincial degrees. Constitution of a policy for oculus attention for all new diabetic patients. There was a existent demand for such policy as the diabetic oculus diseases are increasing in Oman. The plan director at the cardinal degree is responsible for organizing the activities between different degrees. A squad at the primary wellness attention degree provides the diabetic attention. Antidiabetic drugs and insulin are being made available free of charges to all Omani ( Al-Lawati et al. 2002 ) . This squad consists of doctor, nurse, dietician / diet technician and wellness pedagogue as shown in figure five ( DGHA 2003 ) . The diabetes squad at the primary wellness attention Health Educator Dietician / Diet technician Nurse Doctor Take basic measurings Maintain patient records. Provide list of defaulters. Provide Diabetic attention Maintain diabetic register Train other members Inform and educate patient on basic and exigency state of affairss. Health instruction follow up. Provide dietetic advice. Advice patient how to cover with hypoglycemia. Figure 5: The construction of the squad members and their chief duties. The construction of the squad is good defined with clearly demarcated functions and duties which are designed to undertake the most pressing issues required in the diabetic attention. The squad is supervised by a regional diabetologist at the secondary wellness attention degree. There are nine regional diabetologists in Oman ; one in each part. In add-on, the regional diabetologist should develop the primary wellness attention doctors on the basic direction of diabetes and this may include regular visits to primary wellness attention establishments in his/her part. Prevention of diabetes in Oman: Ministry of Health has adopted many bar schemes. The bar is considered as precedence and it is achieved through three degrees ( DGHA 2003 ) : Primary bar: This is done through commanding the implicit in causes and hazard factors. It aims at increasing consciousness about diabetes by mass instruction candidacy, telecasting and wireless. The diabetic squad at the primary wellness attention degree conducts most of the wellness instruction activities. Secondary bar: This aims at early sensing of instances. It includes screening individuals at high hazard for diabetes and its complications every three old ages. The people at hazard are corpulent ( Body mass index gt ; 30 Kg/m ) , first grade with diabetes mellitus, history of gestational diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure and dyslipedemia. Third bar: This includes proper direction and any action taken to forestall complications. The schemes for third bar involve testing for early complication phases, rigorous metabolic control, instruction and effectual intervention. Constraints to a better diabetic attention: Although there are a batch of good accomplishments of the diabetic attention, many restraints confronting the better attention such as: Need for a National diabetic Centre: There is no national diabetic Centre in Oman. All complicated instances end up in the medical wards in the third infirmaries. This is particularly of added importance as the load of disease is increasing. It is an pressing issue to set up a diabetic Centre in which all the diabetic instances will be evaluated and managed by following the same guidelines. The diabetic Centre should be besides responsible for carry oning preparation workshops and besides bring forthing studies and surveies. Inadequate installations for direction of diabetic pes: As the figure of diabetic instances addition, figure of diabetic pes instances besides increases. So far no organic structure is specialized in diabetic pes attention in the Sultanate and the intercession or direction is still non effectual. Merely one workshop was conducted in this respect in December 2004 but it was merely an introductory workshop and the participants were merely staff nurses and no physicians ( IDF 2004 ) . There is a existent demand for more expertness and extremely specialised techniques in diabetic pes attention. This will finally better the patient quality of life. How can the diabetic attention be improved further in Oman? This inquiry can be answered merely by analyzing the precedence work countries. This analysis finally will take to many future schemes that can be used efficaciously in bettering the diabetic attention. The top of import schemes are: Prevention of diabetes through life manner alteration: The most effectual manner of bettering the diabetic attention is by forestalling the disease. This is the first measure and can be carried out by sing bar of diabetes through life manner alteration as a precedence. It is logic as the type II being the most common type of diabetes and it is chiefly due to life manner alterations and besides its prevalence increasing twelvemonth after twelvemonth. Empowering the community to take control over their ain wellness could carry through this. As a consequence, wellness life manner alterations can be implemented at community degree in the signifier of healthy life manner undertakings. Through these undertakings the wellness of people can be promoted by authorising them and affecting them in planning and taking determinations about different ways of accomplishing a better life manner. One such scheme is guaranting the active engagement of community leaders particularly on the international diabetes twenty-four hours, which is on the 14th of No vember every twelvemonth. An illustration of this was conducted in Oman in what is called Nizwa Healthy Life Style undertaking. However, this is still a new construct and more attempts should be done in this country. An illustration of a factor that needs more attending from the bar point of position is fleshiness. It appears to be the most of import individual mark variable to command if the incidence of diabetes is to be reduced. Although impermanent decreases in weight can be achieved by dietetic restraint, long-run control of fleshiness appears to depend on keeping higher energy outgo is the most of import. In Oman, most businesss are sedentary, walking and cycling are the two signifiers of activity through which energy outgo can most easy be increased. However, cycling is non at present culturally acceptable. This highlights the trouble of change by reversaling the inauspicious effects of lifestyle alterations. Alternatively, physical activity could be increased by regular engagement in exercising preparation plans, but long-run engagement in such plans would necessitate high degrees of motive ( Al-Mahroos 2003 ) . Early on and effectual showing plans: A 2nd measure towards a better attention is the executions of early and effectual showing plans. These plans should be regular and available in all different wellness establishments. Specific standards should be set up for the showing. The showing could be taken up one measure in front by sing the community and test the people in their places. This is important because a comprehensive population-based programme is the most cost-efficient attack to incorporate this emerging diabetic epidemic ( EMRO 2005 ) . An illustration of this could be the organisation of diabetic run in the community. This will pick the instances instantly taking to early sensing and direction. Combined diabetic clinic: Another measure is of class the better direction. The ultimate jail of the direction is to forestall the complications. At the same clip the direction of diabetic complications require many different fortes viz. diabetologist, physician, nephrologists and gynecologist. Keeping these issues in head, a better direction requires a multidisciplinary attack. This can be achieved by combined diabetic clinic in which diabetoligist and another specializer harmonizing to the status or the complications see the patient at the same time. These will better the attention by guaranting the understanding of the concerned physicians about the intervention program. Diabetic pes attention: Another issue of bettering the diabetic wellness attention is through the betterment of diabetic pes attention. The importance of this issue comes from the fact that the diabetes is responsible of 51.8 % of all amputations reported in Oman as mentioned above. The diabetes subject for 2005 is diabetes and pes attention. It will be a cost effectual attack because the diabetic pes is a important economic job, peculiarly if amputation consequences in drawn-out hospitalization, rehabilitation, and an increased demand for place attention and societal services ( IDF 2005 ) . The purpose is to cut down by half the figure of foot amputations caused by diabetes in the state ( IDF 2004 ) . This can be achieved through a attention scheme that combines: bar ; the multi-disciplinary intervention of pes ulcers ; appropriate organisation ; close monitoring, and the instruction of people with diabetes and health care professionals, it is possible to cut down amputation rates by between 49 % and 85 ( IDF 2005 ) . Coordination between MOH plans: Last, there should be coordination between different MOH plans in order to guarantee that all diabetic bar is good covered. These include nutritionary plan, antismoking plan and plan to advance physical activities. Pressing issues to be raised up: It is of import to implement effectual diabetes surveillance system in Oman. It could be used as an earlier anticipation of the epidemic nature of diabetes and its features. It is besides a necessary first measure toward its bar and control, which is now recognized as an pressing precedence ( King et al. 1998 ) . Furthermore, it is indispensable to set up a quality confidence system. Such system will take to uninterrupted rating which is important to the success of national diabetes control plan. It should concentrate on both procedure steps and result steps ( EMRO 2005 ) . Rehabilitation of diabetic patients is indispensable and a precedence. It is a cost effectual attack. This is because many persons with diabetes may develop disenabling complications with high associated costs ( DGHA 2003 ) . Decision: Oman is undergoing demographic and socio-economic alterations, which favours an addition in the load of diabetes presenting a hard challenge. The diabetic control plan is good in topographic point and bar activities are traveling on in all different degrees. However, there is a existent demand for set uping quality confidence mechanisms in topographic point for the plan. As portion of this it is besides necessary to set up a Centre of excellence at the third degree which could supply the needful advanced diabetic attention and besides map to sets criterions in the attention of diabetics. It is besides required to concentrate every bit good augment attempts for better bar in order to minimise the underlying modifiable hazard factors. Ultimately, these steps could cut down the diabetic prevalence or at least command it at this degree. How to cite The Prevalence Of Diabetes Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Examining Wine Tasting Room Profitability

Question: Discuss about the Examining Wine Tasting Room Profitability. Answer: Introduction Social marketing looks for to develop as well since be used on the marketing principles with other strategies in influencing the behavior, which benefit people and groups for the greater social good. It attempt to integrate on the research , best practices , principle along with the association perception , to be able notify the delivery of rivalry sensitive along with segmented social change program which are effective , equitable and sustainable (Adams, 2016) . Social marketing aims in influencing on the social behaviors not to advantage the marketer, but instead to advantage the target audience and basic culture. The same as commercial marketing, the primary focus is on the customer to studying what people would like and require instead of attempting to influence these to buy exactly what we are producing. The marketing element talk to the consumer, not regarding the merchandise (Armstrong, Adam, Denize Kotler, 2014). The arranging element takes this customer to concentrate into consideration of dealing with all the aspects of the marketing mix. These types of elements are regarding, the idea of the product, price, distribution (place), and promotion (Goi, 2015).The essay seek to critically examine and compare on two website the RSPCA and WWF. The analysis will be based on 4Ps of marketing which would be examined on the core benefits, the expected products on each of the website on the campaign they seek to explore. On the price it explores on the initial cost and the ongoing cost for the customer, distribution highlights to where the product could be obtained and how the customer could make the purchase. Promotion concept seeks to explain on what the message are being sent for the potential client and the various type of messages. Product refers to the goods as well as the services that are available the consumers. Aside from the bodily products itself, there are numerous components that are related to the product that the customers might be interested in it as the presentation. On the website for the analysis one is on RSPCA which encourages individuals to adopt on a pet. The campaign message for the website is to choose the right pet for your fun. The product which is being advertised is adoption of pets such as dogs, cats and other animals. The website provide information in regards to the pet that could be adopted across Australia on the other website of WWF it search individuals to donate and adopt on the endangered animals during these festive Christmas (Rahimnia Hassanzadeh, 2013). Donation are for helping to out the trained conservation dogs under the tree this Christmas, on the adoption is for the wildlife animals such as tiger, bear, leopard, panda, penguin and many other animals (Adams, 2016). On the product attributes it is important to look at the quality, features, options, services and the brand name. The website have provided these attributes in order to appeal to the customer on the campaign message that is being passed across. The appearance of the product, function, and the support make up significantly what the customer is buying. The designer of the product paid attention to the product bundles address for customers (Khan, 2014). The product bundle should always meet on the needs of a given target market. The target market for the campaign is for the Australian people to adopt on the animals and help donate some money for these animals. The messages have created on a product for the right image for the customers who have everything. The product has been positioned for the price conscious consumers. These individuals would likely donate and adopt for the cause for these animals. The brand name for the product is well positioned for example on the RSPCA it has wide range of products from great and small to adopt. Providing on the right information in regards to the product has been one aspect that will enable people to adopt (Khan, 2014). RSPCA provides packages where one could adopt a pet, pet insurance for the same animal and one could provide a small donation for the course. On the case of WWF website the animals that one could adopt are the wild animals, or perhaps donate towards the conservation dogs to be under the tree this Christmas. The message is to get people be involved especially during this festive season (Bhattacharjee, Berger Menon, 2014). On the aspect social marketing customer research should be the key elements in creating an efficient product. The expertise in the target audience along with competitors helps to offer a product which is appealing to the consumers as well as prevent on the costly mistakes. The price describes just how much you need to charge for the product or maybe the service. In deciding on the appropriate price might be an issue. In many of the cases a lot of business seems they should have the lowest price around (Gordon, 2012). Therefore, they commence their enterprise by creation of impression for bargaining price. This may be considered the signal for the low quality rather than a part of the image which one wish to portray. The prices strategy that has been used in the website reflect on the appropriate positioning for the product that are being advertised in the market. The price for the product cover on the cost for the item as well as the profit margin. The result is not greedy nor timid for the consumers to get the product (Chan, 2013). The donation price on the product in RSPCA website are significantly friendly for the consumer to contribute toward helping stop cruelty, and pursue justice against the animals. Further, the fines are used towards the issue s on the animal welfare so that people could be responsible pet owners (Gordon, 2012). On the contrast the WWF website donations of money ranges from fifty dollars to 200 dollars towards the course of protecting the animals and the domestic animals such as the dog. Various pricing strategies could be followed on determining on the price. Some could involve complex calculation methods other just intuitive judgments. The selection of the pricing strategy used by the owners advertising on the product could use product, customer demand, and the competitive environment. The strategy that has been used is the value based technique in which the consumers perceptive of the value of the products rather than the costs (Theodosiou, Kehagias Katsikea, 2012). The perception is based on all the aspects of the product which include on the non-price aspect such as quality, and prestige. RSPCA website are advocating on the pets. These animals are usually regarded as wonderful creators especially to the children (Chan, 2013). On the WWF website they are advocating more to donate towards the wild animals. These animals over the years have become distinct due to poaching if they are taken care of the generation to come would see these wild beauty. Place represents the distribution channels that have been accustomed to get on the products to the customers. The products is going to be tremendously depend upon how distributed. The placement of the product is a very significant part of the marketing mix (Theodosiou, Kehagias Katsikea, 2012). The product should be positioned and distributed to a place that is accessible to the potential buyers. The target group for RSPCA website is the Australian people (Marta, Singhapakdi, Lee, Sirgy, Koonmee Virakul, 2013). The marketing channel they are using is the website. The website would likely reach many people across the globe. Additionally, the target group are the youth, and the middle class and the older people who loves the pet. WWF website seek to ask all the people across the globe to adopt on the endangered animals which are going to extinct as well as pet such as dog during this Christmas holiday (Rahimnia Hassanzadeh, 2013). Christmas is a period towards giving, and sharing to the less privileged. People should help to makes the endangered animals to be safer. Positioning is all about painting (Kotler, 2012). To purchase the pet, it is very easy on the RSPCA local all one need to do is to type on the pet that is one is interested and search on the list from the website. Promotion Promotion describes the advertising and selling section of the marketing. It relates to the way you allow individuals to understand what you plan to sale. Promotion fundamentally is to allow individuals to know what the product it is, the use for it, and also in which they need to desire it. For the purpose of effectiveness the website has used promotional efforts which contain a clear message to the targeted group to the audience through the internet (Erdem Keane, 1996). RSPCA and WWF website has used message that portrays on the product they are selling. RSPCA want individuals to adopt the pet as well as to donate something towards the animal welfare. On comparison WWF website has tailored there message based on the festive season Christmas. They want people to adopt something during the season for the noble cause of protecting the wild animals. Justification who is the target market. The target group for these two website is different. RSPCA target the young people, who may want a pet for companion. The target audience are mostly based in Australia and also help towards the animal welfare. On the case of WWF website the target market is for every individual across the globe. Individuals could contribute towards the animal protection, as well as adopt on the wild animals. I believe I could fit in the target audience as a young person which it focuses. Additionally, am fond of pets and acquiring one or perhaps donating towards their protection would be meaningful. Conclusion Social marketing is a significant marketing tool that could be used by the managers towards selling their products to the consumers. It is beneficial since one could reach a wide range of audiences across the globe. RSPCA and WWF have used social marketing through the design of the website in order to influence on people to adopt, donate towards the products they are offering. In the essay, it has focused on the 4Ps, which are the marketing mix strategies that are used by many business to promote on their products. References Adams, M. E. (2016). Beyond the Glass: Examining Wine Tasting Room Profitability Using the 4Ps of the Marketing Mix (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Tech). Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Bhattacharjee, A., Berger, J., Menon, G. (2014). When identity marketing backfires: consumer agency in identity expression. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(2), 294-309. Chan, E. S. (2013). Managing green marketing: Hong Kong hotel managers perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 34, 442-461. Erdem, T., Keane, M. P. (1996). Decision-making under uncertainty: Capturing dynamic brand choice processes in turbulent consumer goods markets. Marketing science, 15(1), 1-20. Goi, C. L. (2015). Marketing Mix: A review of'P'. The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, 2005. Gordon, R. (2012). Re-thinking and re-tooling the social marketing mix. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 20(2), 122-126. Khan, M. T. (2014). The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper). International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 6(2), 95. Kotler, P. (2012). Kotler on marketing. Simon and Schuster. Marta, J. K., Singhapakdi, A., Lee, D. J., Sirgy, M. J., Koonmee, K., Virakul, B. (2013). Perceptions about ethics institutionalization and quality of work life: Thai versus American marketing managers. Journal of Business Research, 66(3), 381-389. Rahimnia, F., Hassanzadeh, J. F. (2013). The impact of website content dimension and e-trust on e-marketing effectiveness: The case of Iranian commercial saffron corporations. Information Management, 50(5), 240-247. Theodosiou, M., Kehagias, J., Katsikea, E. (2012). Strategic orientations, marketing capabilities and firm performance: An empirical investigation in the context of frontline managers in service organizations. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(7), 1058-1070.

A new alcohol and drug

Liverpool hospital in Sydney is a leading public healthcare facility that has served the people of Liverpool for the last two centuries. Over the years, the hospital has been undergoing various phases of upgrading to ensure that it is able to meet people’s health needs.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on A new alcohol and drug-abuse rehabilitation center in Liverpool Hospital, Sydney specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, the hospital has embraced technology in full measure, upgrading its quality of services to its clients. Being situated at the heart of Liverpool, the hospital has the capacity to serve over 800 patients at once. The Liverpool Queens hospital has decided to put up an alcohol and drug-abuse rehabilitation center within the facility. The construction of the facility is projected to begin in January 2013, lasting to the end of February the same year. This will be good news to those aroun d the neighborhood as the problem of alcohol and drug-abuse has been reportedly rampant among young adults. The hospital receives over twenty cases of alcohol and drug-abuse related ailments every day, a trend that is causing a lot of worry. The hospital, in response to this distress, has decided to bring help closer to the people of Liverpool by the construction of the annex facility. The Alcohol and Drug-Abuse Center (ADAC) will provide full therapy to patients. This means that it will employ some of its staff to identification of cases within the community that need medical care. This will be done by putting up a call center, where persons can freely and confidentially report on cases of drug users and addicts. The hospital’s social workers will then be dispatched to get these people and persuade them to come for treatment.Advertising Looking for assessment on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Once in the hospital, the patients will be counseled, nourished, and given rehabilitation care as well as medical care. Successful rehabilitated people will be reintegrated back to the society through a number of measures, among them finding employment for them and reuniting them with their friends and family members. This initiative will be highly beneficial to the community. Children will be able to succeed through high school and college without being in high risk for drugs. Security will be improved for the community. Most alcohol and drug users pose a threat to the security of the community because of driving while drunk, theft and robbery, and carjacking among others. The morality for the community will also be on the increase as vices related to alcohol and drug use such as prostitution will be reduced. Lastly, the community’s health will be generally improved through the intervention. Alcohol and drug abuse is one of the leading causes of the spread of sexually transmitted d iseases such as HIV and hepatitis C. A rehabilitation center would see these transmissions decline, thus improving the general health of the community. The project will cost the hospital an estimated $850,000, plus or minus 10%. Most of these funds will be solicited locally and from the government. The hospital will also contribute to the costs, as well as providing land and capital asset facilities. This assessment on A new alcohol and drug-abuse rehabilitation center in Liverpool Hospital, Sydney was written and submitted by user Reece Hill to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

El Cid essays

El Cid essays Spanish Rodrigo Diaz was born at Burgos, Spain in 1043 and died in Valencia in 1099. El Cid's Father, Diego Lainez was of minor nobility in the region of Castile and lived in the family home in Bivar. His mother however was of a higher degree of nobility. He is often known as either El Cid (Lord) or El Campeador, which means "The Champion." He became commander of King Sancho's Army and then when banished by the next King, Alfonso VI, he served the King of Zaragoza. He later reconciled with Alfonso and at the end of his life he set out on a conquest of Valencia, which he sieged for many months before conquering it and becoming its ruler. Rodrigo was raised in the courts of King Ferdinand and had his education and military training taken care of by Prince Sancho as thanks for his father's services to the state. In 1063, Sancho dubbed Rodrigo a knight. At this time, Spain was not united but was composed of several smaller Christian kingdoms to the north and a large empire to the south of Muslim Moors. A war slowly developed between the north and south, but neither side could rally a force great enough to defeat their opponent. King Ferdinand had united much of the north of Spain and later divided his Kingdoms among his 5 children at his death in 1065. His first son, Sancho received the Muslim City of Zaragoza and the large area of Castile, while his second son, Alfonso gained the large area of Leon. His third son, Garcia received Galicia and the Moorish kingdoms of Seville and Badajoz. His two daughters were given monasteries. At this time, Rodrigo was still reasonably young and Sancho was trying to lift a siege on Graus made by the small region of Aragon. When Sancho was crowned King in 1067 he made Rodrigo the chief marshal of his troops. After ending the war with Aragon, Sancho turned his focus to capturing the kingdoms of his brothers. Sancho first laid siege to Zaragoza with Rodrigo as his general, but was so...

Comic Violence in the Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comic Violence in the Advertisement - Essay Example The case for displacement was made early on, wherein it was shown that it is a psychological determinant which is required to harness energies. It was given as a defense mechanism, which would actually redress the anxieties of the viewers, and help them appreciate reality in a better way. They endeavored to make a case advocating catharsis that this displacement helps ease things vis-Ã  -vis anger. This is incorrect because ironically, aggression itself is a venting-out mechanism and is unconsciously used by humans in response to an uncomforting stimulus. Now having a defense mechanism for a defense mechanism is just too perplexing for the cause of this simplistic thesis statement!Here is where the second issue of ‘anxiety’ comes in question. There are other defense mechanisms apart from displacements which are used by humans to put their anxieties to rest. Freud and other psychoanalysts have added since long to this list, and major mentions include sublimation, rationa lization, repression, regression, and actualization etc. Thus, giving total credit to ‘displacement’ as the sole caretaker of anxiety as an emotion is scientifically incorrect. Anxiety itself is not a psychological problem, and many specialists say that it is normal and recommended to have a bare minimum of it at given times. It is actually imminent whenever adrenaline is secreted, and hence its presence is unavoidable. However, the presentation does not appropriately study and tackle the incidence of anxiety itself, what causes it, what may be the remedies. It has been wrongly mixed with ‘frustration’ and ‘fear’ that is prevalent these days after the 9/11 scenario.‘Slapstick humor’ has sadly been confused with ‘violence’ many times in their presentation. They are very different entities, and cannot and should not be psychologically put at par. Also, its link to likeness (or otherwise) of a brand has not been scientifi cally established in their study. There has been no research which can directly prove that one is the cause of the other on their part.

Assimilation(white policy) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assimilation(white policy) - Essay Example This way, assimilation allows ways of life to be kept alive through choice by not enforcing laws and policies that ensure people follow only the given and prescribed Australian culture. Migrants get an opportunity to retain their sense of belonging to their native society despite being in a completely new environment with disparities in ways of life (Henry and Kurzak, 2012). In addition, assimilation is the best way to go in regard to inculcating and coming up with a unified society. This is because a society using assimilation gets an opportunity to evaluate itself and adapt appropriately in order to meet the needs of the new population, as well as its own needs. This is because different cultures have different characteristics, and each may have its own strengths and weaknesses and, as a result, assimilation allows different populations to borrow values that are positive or appealing to them from the immigrants and include them in their own. This is for the creation of a wholesome society that does not fight within itself under the guise of cultural values, followings and predispositions. In addition, the issue of disunity does not arise in assimilation since all population follows a given and harmonized culture that is widely accepted by all. As such, migrants and natives are able live harmoniously and with acceptance of each other as all attempts to get along due to the common culture that they are expected to follow. In relation to rights and freedoms, assimilation allows the entire Australian population to enjoy similar rights and freedoms (Guess, 2010). This is in spite of the presence of foreign migrants, aboriginals and native Australians. Because of assimilation, all populations are bound to live under the same umbrella of living conditions, where no single population group experiences disparity concerning privileges and responsibilities (Murphy,

To what extent are organisations socially constructed phenomena Essay - 1

To what extent are organisations socially constructed phenomena - Essay Example To understand cultural diversity in organisations, it would be helpful to understand its roots at a sociological level. Cultural diversity at the workplace is a direct result of ‘multiculturalism’ in the society. A multicultural society simply denotes a society in which there exist several cultures (Watson, 2000). Culture is defined as, â€Å"A pattern of shared assumptions a group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way you think, perceive, and feel in relation to those problems† (Schein, 2003). So, a multicultural society has in it different groups, which have learned different ways of thinking, perceiving, and tackling problems that exist in the society. Each group taken individually is a society on its own, with its own individual culture. When all these individual societies are brought under one single cor e society, the culture of such a society becomes the core culture, with the individual cultures as its subcultures (Watson, 2002). ... A general view of cultural differences is that they affect intercultural encounters, usually by leading to misunderstanding or conflict, at both the individual and group levels (Larkey, 1996). Larkey explains that at the individual level, as different values, beliefs or worldviews are manifested in communication behaviours and as culture creates differing expectations and differing styles or patterns of speech, interpersonal misunderstanding and conflict can arise. At the group level, inter-group processes can be triggered by, for instance, an individual’s non-verbal behaviour or ways of speaking which stereotypically represent a group (1996). It then becomes the responsibility of the leadership of the core society to introduce a culture and/or change its existing core culture to accommodate the various differences brought in by the subcultures in an integrated manner, where these differences are acknowledged and valued (Lachman et al, 1994). When the above sociological aspect s of culture are compared to a business organisation, the organisation is the core society, and its culture, the core culture. We all refer to this as organisational culture. Analogically speaking, the organisational (core) culture should be designed in such a way that the employees of the company share a basic set of values and assumptions, which tie them to that particular organisation. But, on the individual or group levels, each employee has his/her own cultural norms and practices beyond those they share with other members of the company, which can be safely termed as the subcultures within the organisation (Bate, 1995). While different cultural traits offer different identities to different employees, there are usually certain traits shared by all the employees, which give them a

The Notion Of Machine Translation English Language Essay

The Notion Of Machine Translation English Language Essay The translation process was mentioned as being one of the most effective that is a means of communication especially among cultures of different languages. Translation as a concept has existed hundred years ago, but it is only during the second half of the twentieth century that it emerged as an independent academic. A terrible need for translation has prompted specialized and theorists in the field to seek for more sophisticated methods and techniques for quick, cheap and effective translation. Thus, a new type of translation has appeared to compete with Human Translation which is called Machine translation or the automatic translation. Nowadays the use of machine translation is very important than we may think, because different aspects of modern life have direct for more efficient methods of translation, thus the demand for translation is not satisfied, because there are not enough human translators, or because individuals and organizations do not recognize translation as a complex activity requiring a high level of skill, and therefore they are not prepared to pay what it is worth. This research attempts to compare the most important linguistic aspects of machine translation and to analyze its main problems. The purpose of the given research is to analyze the difficulties of machine translation. The hypothesis that we postulate for this research is that the interlingua approach display the greatest degree of difficulty in the process of translation. The specific objectives of the research are: to define the notion of Machine Translation; to identify and compare different machine translation approaches; to analyze the main problems of machine translation; The research methods employed in the work are analysis, which was used for the study of machine translation and determining its essential features; diachronic analysis, that focuses on historical development of machine translation; the classification method was used for classifying the strategies of machine translation and their problems of ambiguity. We chose this topic, because the machine translation is a tool that allows people to have information about a variety of things in different languages and to understand it without knowing the language. Furthermore it permits us to have the meaning of a word or expressions in a rapid and effective way. As well Machine Translation provides translators useful tools that help them to make their job more efficiently and faster. The most important sources that have been used are: Concise History of the Language Sciences: from the Sumerians to the cognitivists by Koemer E.F., An Introduction to Machine Translation by W. J. Hutchins and Harold L. Somers, Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications by Munday J., Machine Translation by Maegaard B., and Machine Translation: An Introductury Guide by Arnold D. J, Language is the major method for people communicating with each other, but people can only communicate each other with language they both know. Unfortunately there are around 7000 different kinds of languages in the world, and these languages may have different writing systems, grammar and pronunciation. On the other hand, the fast grows of international communication (such as international businesses, national diplomacy, and international conferences) making the demand of translation (such as business document translation, legal document translation and scientific and technical documents translation) is also growing rapidly, cheap and fast translations are required. In this case machine translation becomes a solution. Identifying different definitions of Machine Translation Machine translation of natural languages, commonly known as MT, has multiple personalities. Sergei Nirenburg and Yorick Wilks, in their book Machine Translation claim that,first of all, machine translation is a venerable scientific enterprise, a component of the larger area of studies concerned with the studies of human language understanding capacity. They write that MT is also a technological challenge of the first order. It offers an opportunity to test the understanding of the syntax and semantics of a variety of languages by encoding this vast, though rarely comprehensive, knowledge into a form suitable for processing by computer programs. Also in this book Machine Translation they state that MT has a strong connection with the needs of modern societies. It can be understood as an economic necessity, considering that the growth of international communication keeps intensifying both at government, for instance, European Union, NAFTA, GATT and business and commerce levels, for instance, the exporters need product documentation in the languages of the countries where their products are marketed [12]. In the article Brief History of Machine Translation Research Leon Dostert mentions that the story of the genesis of machine translation was traced with care in the first compendium of essays on the subject entitled Machine Translation of Languages, edited by William Lock and A. Donald Booth. In which they write that the transference of meaning from one patterned set of signs occurring in a given culture into another set of patterned signs occurring in another related culture by means of an electronic computer [7]. In the report Language and Machines Computers in Translation and Linguistics is stated that machine translation means that it should go by algorithm from machine- readable source text to useful target text, without recourse to human translation or editing [1]. In An Introduction to Machine Translation W. John Hutchins and Harold L. Somers explain that the term Machine Translation is the traditional and standard name for computerized systems responsible for the production of translations from one natural language into another, with or without human assistance. Machine translation can be named as mechanical translation and automatic translation. These terms are now rarely used in English, but their equivalents in other languages are used, for example in French traduction automatique, or in Russian à Ã‚ °Ãƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ ¼Ãƒ Ã‚ °Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ãƒ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒâ€˜Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã‚ ºÃƒ Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ Ã‚ ¹ à Ã‚ ¿Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒâ€˜Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ Ã‚ µÃƒ Ã‚ ²Ãƒ Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ Ã‚ ´. Also in this book is written that the term does not include computer-based translation tools which support translators by providing access to dictionaries and remote terminology databases, facilitating the transmission and reception of machine-readable texts, or i nteracting with word processing, text editing or printing equipment, but, however, it includes systems in which translators or other users assist computers in the production of translations, including various combinations of text preparation, on-line interactions and subsequent revisions of output [16]. M.Kay and Xerox Parc in their article Machines and People in Translation write that we should distinguish a narrower and a wider use for the term machine translation. In the narrow sense, the term refers to a batch process in which a text is given over to a machine from which a result is collected which is the output of the machine translation process. When we use the term in the wider sense, it includes all the process required to obtain final translation output on paper [8]. In the article Machine Translation Workstation is stated that the MT is a general tree-manipulation system with several built-in inference strategies. They demonstrate the process of machine translation through the following scheme: And they say that when a user applies the machine he/she writes a rule base to control the execution of the machine and chooses the appropriate inference strategy. The machine takes well-defined linguistic trees as input and produces as output trees which represent meaning-preserving transformations of the input trees. Furthermore the MT is language independent, because it impose restrictions on what kinds of transformations are possible [4]. In conclusion we can say that machine translation is an automatic linguistic translation, namely, a word-by-word translation and it refers to the utilization of software to translate text from one language to another language. Machine Translation Strategies In the article Machine Translation and Computer-Assisted Translation Craciunescu states that Machine translation is an autonomous operating system with strategies and approaches that can be classified as follows: the direct strategy the transfer strategy the pivot language strategy She says that the direct strategy is based on a predefined source language-target language binomial in which each word of the source language syntagm is directly linked to a corresponding unit in the target language with a unidirectional correlation, for example from English to Spanish but not the other way round. But the transfer strategy  is based on the level of representation and involves three stages. The analysis stage describes the source document linguistically and uses a source language dictionary. The transfer stage transforms the results of the analysis stage and establishes the linguistic and structural equivalents between the two languages. It uses a bilingual dictionary from source language to target language. The generation stage produces a document in the target language on the basis of the linguistic data of the source language by means of a target language dictionary. The pivot language strategy  is based on the idea of creating a representation of the text independent of any particular language. This representation functions as a neutral that is distinct from both the source language and the target language. This method reduces the machine translation process to only two stages: analysis and generation. The analysis of the source text leads to a conceptual representation, the diverse components of which are matched by the generation module to their equivalents in the target language [5]. Another characterization of strategies of MT we find at W.J. Hutchins and Jonathan Sloculn in their articles Machine Translation: A Brief History and Its History, Current Status, and Future Prospects distinguish three basic strategies. The first strategy is referred to the direct translation approach. Direct translation is characteristic of a system designed from the start to translate out of one specific language and into another. For example, Russian is the language of the original texts-the source language, and English is the language of the translated texts-the target language. Translation is direct from the source language (SL) text to the target language (TL) text [14]. Arnold in his book Machine Translation represents the direct approach through the following scheme[3]: Text SL Direct Translation Text TL The second basic design strategy is the Interlingua approach, which assumes that it is possible to convert SL texts into representations common to more than one language. Furthermore the Interlingua approach is characteristic of a system in which the representation of the meaning of the source language input is intended to be independent of any language, and this representation is used to synthesize the target language output [14]. In his book Machine Translation Arnold represents the Interlingua approach through the following scheme [3]: IL Analysis Synthesis Direct Translation Text SL Text TL The third basic strategy is the less ambitious transfer approach. The transfer approach is characteristic of a system in which the underlying representation of the meaning of a grammatical unit (e.g., sentence) differs depending on the language from which it was derived or into which it is to be generated; this implies the existence of a third translation stage which maps one language-specific meaning representation into another: this stage is called Transfer. The transfer approach operates through three stages involving underlying (abstract) representations for both SL and TL texts. The first stage converts SL texts into abstract SL-oriented representations; the second stage converts these into equivalent TL-oriented representations; and the third generates the final TL texts. Whereas the Interlingua approach necessarily requires complete resolution of all ambiguities in the SL text so that translation into any other language is possible, in the transfer approach only those ambiguit ies inherent in the language in question are tackled; problems of lexical differences between languages are dealt with in the second stage (transfer proper) [14]. Arnold also represents the third approach, the transfer approach, through a scheme as follow [3]: Analysis IS SL Transfer ISTL Synthesis TEXT SL Text TL Direct Translation In brief, the interlingual machine translation  is one of the classic approaches to  machine translation. In this approach, the source language the text to be translated is transformed into an interlingua an abstract language-independent representation. The target language is then generated from the interlingua. Furthermore, the interlingual approach is an alternative to the direct approach  and the  transfer approach. Main problems of machine translation The major problems of all MT systems concern the resolution of lexical and structural ambiguities, both within languages (monolingual ambiguity) and between languages (bilingual ambiguity). The lexical ambiguity is when a word has more than one meaning, but when a phrase or sentence can have more than one structure it is called structural ambiguity [3]. Hutchins in his article Machine Translation: History and General Principles mentions that any monolingual ambiguity is a potential difficulty in translation since there will be more than one possible equivalent. For instance, homographs and polysemes (English cry, French voler) must be resolved before translation (French pleurer or crier, English fly or steal); ambiguities of grammatical category (English light as noun, adjective or verb, face as noun or verb) must likewise be resolved for choice between lumià ¨re, clair or allumer, etc. He states that the examples of monolingual structural ambiguities occur when a word or phrase can potentially modify more than one element of a sentence. And he explains this through the following example, old men and women, the adjective old may refer only to men or to both men and women [15]. Prepositional phrases can modify almost any preceding verb or noun phrase, e.g. (a) The car was driven by the teacher with great skill. (b) The car was driven by the teacher with defective tyres. (c) The car was driven by the teacher with red hair. Lexical and structural ambiguities may and often combine: He saw her shaking hands, where shaking can be either an adjectiveÆ’Â   hands which were shaking or a verb component Æ’Â  that she was shaking hands [15]. Bilingual lexical ambiguities occur primarily when the TL makes distinctions absent in the SL: E.g. English river can be rivià ¨re or fleuve (Fluss or Strom); English eat can be German essen or fressen; English wall can be French mur or paroi, German Wand, Mauer or Wall. Hutchins implies that an example which can inllustrate this is the translation of wear from English to Japanese. Although there is a generic verb kiru it is normal to use the verb appropriate to the type of item worn: haoru (coat or jacket), haku (shoes or trousers), kaburu (hat), hameru (ring or gloves), shimeru (belt, tie or scarf), tsukeru (brooch or clip), kakeru (glasses or necklace), hayasu (moustache) [15]. Also in this article is pointed out that the bilingual structural differences cover both general facts, for instance, in English the adjectives generally precede nouns but that they usually follow them in French, and differences conditioned by specific lexical differences. A familiar example occurs when translating the English verb likeÆ’Â   She likes to play tennis, as a German adverb gern Æ’Â  Sie spielt gern Tennis [15]. Other examples are: simple verbs (trust) rendered by circumlocutions (avoir confiance à  ); single clauses Æ’Â  He pushed open the door restructured as a subordinate clause Æ’Â  Il a ouvert la porte en la poussant [14]. The structural differences combine with lexical differences, for instance the translation of know into French or German, where choice of connaà ®tre (kennen) or savoir (wissen) affects both structure Æ’Â  Je connais lhomme. (Ich kenne den Mann); Je sais ce quil sappelle. (Ich weiss wie er heisst) and the translation of other lexical items (what as ce que and wie) [14]. The morphological analysis is concerned with the identification of base forms from infected forms of nouns, verbs and adjectives (irregular forms being entered as units in dictionaries), with the recognition of derivational forms (e.g. English -ly as an adverb derived from an adjective, German -heit as a noun from an adjective), and with the segmentation of compound forms in languages like German (Dampfschiff, Dampfhammer) [14]. In the An Introduction to Machine Translation Hutchins reveals that all MT systems have problems with unknown words, especially with the neologisms and new combinations. He says that if derivational elements and components can be correctly identified then can be translated with the international equivalences of many elements, for instance, French demi- and English semi-, French -ique and English -ic) [16]. However, segmentation can be problematic, e.g. extradition analysed as both extradit+ion and ex+tradition, cooperate as both co+operate and cooper+ate. He suggests that these would be resolved by dictionary consultation, but sometimes alternative segmentations are equally valid (German Wachtraum could be guard room (Wacht+Raum) or day dream (Wach+Traum), until one is eliminated at a later stage [16]. In his article Machine Translation: A Brief History Hutchins writes that in MT there are three basic approaches to syntactic structure analysis. The first aim is to identify legitimate sequences of grammatical categories, for instance, in English article + adjective + noun. This approach is based on predictive analysis, which is a sequence of categories predicted that the following category would be one of a relatively limited set. The second aim to recognize groups of categories, for instance, as noun phrases, verb phrases, clauses, and ultimately sentences. These are based on phrase structure or constituency grammar. The third aim to identify dependencies among categories, for example, reflecting the fact that prepositions determine the case forms of German and Russian nouns, that the form of a French adjective is determined by the noun it modifies. The basis is dependency grammar [14]. He also claims that SL structures are transformed into equivalent TL structures by conversion rules, in the case of phrase structure or dependency trees by tree transducers, which may apply either unconditionally, for example, English adjective+noun to French noun+adjective or conditionally, followed by specific lexical items, for example, English like to German gern [15]. Another problem which identifies Arnold is the multiword units like idioms and collocations. The real problem with idioms is that they are not generally fixed in their form [3]. Hutchins in his article Machine Translation: History and General principles points out that MT systems can fail for many practical reasons, for instance, unknown words Æ’Â  neologisms or new compounds, misspellings Æ’Â  supercede, persue, British orthography instead of expected American Æ’Â  traveller for traveler, typographical errors Æ’Â  from instead of form, wrong usages Æ’Â  principle as an adjective, ungrammaticalness Æ’Â  none of them were present. Even if full disambiguation cannot be achieved, a crude translation may be obtained with basic phrase structure identification. It is now common for systems to retain information from all levels of analysis; thus transfer (or interlingual) representations will combine morphological, syntactic, semantic and thematic information [15]. Historically, MT systems have progressively introduced deeper levels of analysis and transfer. Early word-for-word systems were restricted to bilingual dictionaries and simple morphology. Later direct systems introduced syntactic analysis and synthesis. Phrase structure and dependency analyses provided the basis for simple transfer systems with little semantic analysis. Conclusion The use of machine translation is more important than we may think. It could be claimed that the resources available to the translator through information technology imply a change in the relationship between the translator and the text, that is to say, a new way of translating. However, there is the development of new capabilities, which leads us to point out a number of essential aspects of the current situation. Translating with the help of the computer is definitely not the same as working exclusively on paper and with paper products such as conventional dictionaries, because computer tools provide us with a relationship to the text which is much more flexible than a purely lineal reading. Furthermore, the Internet with its universal access to information and instant communication between users has created a physical and geographical freedom for translators that were inconceivable in the past. Translators need to accept the new technologies and learn how to use them to their maxi mum potential as a means to increased productivity and quality improvement. As we mentioned there are problems of ambiguity when working with MT, and those problems are also common for us. A clear example would be translations from Spanish to Basque.  In those translations, apart from ambiguity problems, there would be structural problems, because structurally Spanish and Basque are completely different. Having analyzed some theoretical sources we came to the following conclusions: Machine translations enable people to have information in many languages, helping to understand it without knowing the language; MT provides translators useful tools that help them to make their job more efficiently and faster; It can output much larger volumes of translation than any team of translators; Machine translation rarely reaches accuracy levels above 70%; Machine translation is a venerable scientific enterprise, a technological challenge of the first order and it can be understood as an economic necessity; Machine translation is an automatic linguistic translation, namely, a word-by-word translation; Machine translation refers to the utilization of software to translate text from one language to another language; In the process of translation Machine Translations encounter some problems of ambiguity that make that their use to be hard. This research could be a good basis for a further development of this topic, namely, a profound analysis of different machine translation and their accuracy in translating. We consider that the given study might be of great use to researchers in the field of translation and linguistics. It may serve as a reference point for the elaboration of year and graduation papers. Finally, we should point out that machine translation has an important role in the process of translation and is very helpful for translators.

Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment? -- Argumentative

Capital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. There is pain which accompanies the heartfelt sympathy that we extend to the victims' families who, in their time of suffering, are in need of the support and compassion of the whole community. Nothing will ever bring their loved ones back. Quite clearly, such violence is to be denounced vehemently.    Appropriate measures should be employed to safeguard our community and reduce the incidence of crime. The guilty should pay the penalty for their actions. At the same time, however, we as Christians also consider it our duty to question the suitability of retaining the death penalty within our penal system.    Today, in our nation more than 2,500 human beings await execution. As throughout history, so in our day, a disproportionate numbe...

Evolutions vs Creationism

Creationism Vs Evolution Attention-getting opener: Tonight I am going to talk about Creationism Vs Evolution. Do you know that 800 million people have died in religion’s wars?. * Introduction 1. The  creation–evolution controversy  is a recurring dispute about the origins of the Earth, humanity, life, and the universe. 2. The creation-evolution controversy began in Europe and North America in the late 18th century when new interpretations of geology were demonstrated in the  fossil  geological sequence  prompted  early ideas of evolution. * PreviewIn this speech I’m going to talk to you about 3 important topics. 1. The Creation by the hand of God. 2. The origin of species and natural selection by Darwin. 3. A combined view of the creationism and evolution. * Transition 1 In the first place, let’s talk about the creation by the hand of God. The Creationism  is the  religious belief  that  life, the  Earth, and the  universe  are th e  creation  of a  supernatural  being. All made in the image and likeness of God and explains the facts based on the assumption of a supernatural, completed process. Transition 2 Also, I'll speak of Darwin's theory. The evolution by natural selection, it’s when more offspring are produced than can possibly survive. When members of a population die they are replaced by the progeny of parents that were better adapted to survive and reproduce in the environment in which natural selection took place. In other words, only the strongest will survive. * Transition 3 Lastly, I show you a combination between Creationism and Evolution.This is a theory that not too many people believe in it, because those who believe in the creationism, not believe in the evolution and vice versa. * Conclusion Given these facts, everyone is free to choose which theory is better for himself. Once the person has established his beliefs, should be respected and he should respect the others beliefs to avoid as many fights and wars as possible and live in a better place. * Memorable closing remarks If you wish to believe in creation or evolution, that is fine, but please don't judge other people just because they have a different belief than ours.

The History of Intel

The History of Intel In 1968, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore were two unhappy engineers working for the Fairchild Semiconductor Company who decided to quit and create their own company at a time when many Fairchild employees were leaving to create start-ups. People like Noyce and Moore were nicknamed the Fairchildren. Robert Noyce typed up a one-page idea of what he wanted to do with the new company, and that was enough to convince San Francisco venture capitalist Art Rock to back Noyce and Moores new venture. Rock raised $2.5 million dollars in less than two days by selling convertible debentures. Art Rock became the first chairman of Intel. Intel Trademark The name Moore Noyce was already trademarked by a hotel chain, so the two founders decided upon the name Intel for their new company, a shortened version of Integrated Electronics. However, the rights to the name had to be bought from a company called Intelco first. Intel Products In 1969, Intel released the worlds first metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) static ram, the 1101. Also in 1969, Intels first money-making product was the 3101 Schottky bipolar 64-bit static random access memory (SRAM) chip. A year later in 1970, Intel introduced the 1103 DRAM memory chip. In 1971, Intel introduced the now-famous worlds first single chip microprocessor (the computer on a chip)- the Intel 4004- invented by Intel engineers Federico Faggin, Ted Hoff, and Stanley Mazor. In 1972, Intel introduced the first 8-bit microprocessor- the 8008. In 1974, the Intel 8080 microprocessor was introduced with ten times the power of the 8008. In 1975, the 8080 microprocessor was used in one of the first consumer home computers, the Altair 8800 which was sold in kit form. In 1976, Intel introduced the 8748 and 8048, the first type of microcontroller i.e. a computer-on-a-chip optimized to control electronic devices. Though produced by the USA’s Intel Corporation, the 1993 Pentium was basically the outcome of research conducted by an Indian engineer. Popularly known as the Father of the Pentium chip, the inventor of the computer chip is Vinod Dham.

Free Essays on Gothic Architecture

Gothic architecture first got its name during the Italian renaissance when the people considered all buildings of the Middle Ages barbaric and associated them with the savage Goths. With the passing of many centuries, Gothic became more clearly associated with the closing era of the medieval age. In time, the separation point would set around the style, which followed, the Romanesque era. The title was later limited to the hardly barbaric architecture of the period between Romanesque and Renaissance. Gothic architecture emerged from Romanesque architecture in the year 1144 AD. A Benedictine abbot called Suger was building a new church outside of Paris. He decided that he wanted something new and impressive. Suger wanted to make the Abby church of St. Denis so tall that it would seem to reach the heavens, and so amazing that everyone would remember it. When people saw this new form of architecture, they were amazed. The Gothic style quickly spread. Towns and cities would not let their churches be outdone by churches elsewhere. They tried to build taller, longer, and more stunning churches than any other. All buildings reflect the society, which produced them, and cannot be understood without some knowledge of that society. The social and political conditions of the Middle Ages had very little comfort or luxury in the domestic living except in the feudal fortress castled of the nobles. The primacy of commerce in towns of this period is best seen in their market place. The church or castle gate had ceased to be a major influence on town planning. Everywhere towns grew outwards from their market squares, from a road junction, or from a swelling in the street. Medieval peasant houses of this early date have left few remains. Their date has left few obivious remains. Their study has been exclusively archaeological. Yet there is plenty evidence, at least among those who had land. Stone in the villages-as in castle, church and town- foun... Free Essays on Gothic Architecture Free Essays on Gothic Architecture Gothic architecture first got its name during the Italian renaissance when the people considered all buildings of the Middle Ages barbaric and associated them with the savage Goths. With the passing of many centuries, Gothic became more clearly associated with the closing era of the medieval age. In time, the separation point would set around the style, which followed, the Romanesque era. The title was later limited to the hardly barbaric architecture of the period between Romanesque and Renaissance. Gothic architecture emerged from Romanesque architecture in the year 1144 AD. A Benedictine abbot called Suger was building a new church outside of Paris. He decided that he wanted something new and impressive. Suger wanted to make the Abby church of St. Denis so tall that it would seem to reach the heavens, and so amazing that everyone would remember it. When people saw this new form of architecture, they were amazed. The Gothic style quickly spread. Towns and cities would not let their churches be outdone by churches elsewhere. They tried to build taller, longer, and more stunning churches than any other. All buildings reflect the society, which produced them, and cannot be understood without some knowledge of that society. The social and political conditions of the Middle Ages had very little comfort or luxury in the domestic living except in the feudal fortress castled of the nobles. The primacy of commerce in towns of this period is best seen in their market place. The church or castle gate had ceased to be a major influence on town planning. Everywhere towns grew outwards from their market squares, from a road junction, or from a swelling in the street. Medieval peasant houses of this early date have left few remains. Their date has left few obivious remains. Their study has been exclusively archaeological. Yet there is plenty evidence, at least among those who had land. Stone in the villages-as in castle, church and town- foun...

Prepare a report for a company of your choice for the next one and Assignment

Prepare a report for a company of your choice for the next one and three years . The plan should include the following sections - Assignment Example The Mercedes Benz is too expensive to buy in the current economic conditions. The technological outlook of the industry is challenging while, the buyer power is also higher. Additionally, suppliers are executing their substantial level on companies and the barriers of entry and exit are also believed to be substantially powerful. The modifying economic conditions of the world are warranting the companies to balance out differentiation and cost effectiveness so that Mercedes can be sold in emergent markets of the world. A Business Plan for Mercedes Benz: A Changing Paradigm Introduction The Mercedes is considered one of the most expensive brands in the modern array of cars and vehicles. The company is historically targeting elite class of the world in order to generate sales for the past number of decades. However, the economic recession and depression in advanced parts of the world has seriously influenced the business of the featured company. The focal shift in the direction of emer ging market also caused the sales of the product to drop significantly. The developing regions of the globe do not have sufficient buying power needed to purchase luxurious rides in which the company specializes. However, a strategic modification is required in order to cater changing consumer preferences and behaviors in the global arena of the commerce (Kotler, Keller, Brady, Goodman, & Hensen, 2009). The company needs to develop a strategy to disseminate the benefit of long term belief that Mercedes is a brand that is reserved for an elite class of the world. Nevertheless, the per capita income in all over the globe is declining and the sense of harmony and equality is going to prevail in a few years from now. The idea of economic supremacy is going to be word of past in the future. The product with the brand name of Mercedes has finally lost its appeal because nowadays nobody is fortunate enough to afford it to say the least. The subunits of the companies that were hugely lucrat ive in the past were recently closed down as a response of insufficient demand (Baker & Hart, 2007). The latest closure took place in the English economy because the demand was not enough to house a local production unit. The changing economic paradigm has forced the people of all nations to become price sensitive as the level of disposable income is declining in all regions (Lindstrom, 2008). Vision and Mission Statement of the Company â€Å"A pioneering spirit and power of innovation for sustainable mobility. For almost 125 years we have been developing answers to the automotive challenges of the respective eras. As the inventors of the automobile, we are equally committed to protection of the climate and the environment and to the safety of our vehicles and accident prevention. Our customers - and all other road users - throughout the world can put their trust in this commitment† (Hashmi & Biesebroeck, 2013). The vision statement of the company is always considered as an a ttempt to talk to the future and give a direction to the company. The vision statement in every case must define the core values of the company for that it stands. Secondly, it is of great importance to keep on modifying the statement according to the changing environment of the industry. The featured